I always encourage students to use a scale when baking. Unlike cooking, baking is a precise science. I try to convert any cup measurements of flour ,sugar, cornmeal etc to weight measurements. You have a better baked product if you have measure ingredients correctly. Flour for instance will compact as it sits and depending on humidity and how hard you scoop it the weight can vary anywhere from 3-6 ounces. So I am going to give you cup to weight measurements of commonly used items in baking. Although I am giving you liquid measurements in ounces and grams I tend to use cup measurements.
US
1 cup all purpose flour : 5 ounces
1 cup bread flour : 5.5 ounces
1 cup cake flour : 4.5 ounces
1 cup whole wheat flour : 5 ounces
1 cup white whole wheat flour : 5 ounces
1 cup corn meal : 4.5 ounces
1 cup corn starch : 4 ounces
1 cup couscous : 6.75 ounces
1 cup cocoa : 3.33 ounces
1 cup white granulated sugar : 7 ounces
1 cup powdered sugar : 4 ounces
1 cup light brown sugar : 7.5 ounces
1 cup dark brown sugar : 8.5 ounces
1 cup molasses : 16 ounces
1 cup corn syrup : 11.5 ounces
1 cup butter : 8 ounces
1 cup shortening : 6.75 ounces
1 cup vegetable oil : 6.75 ounces
1 large egg : 1.75 ounces
1 large egg white : 1 ounce
1 large egg yolk : 0.75 ounces
1 cup of powdered milk : 2.5 ounces
1 cup water : 8.3 ounces
1 cup milk : 8.5 ounces
1 cup buttermilk : 8.5 ounces
1 cup sour cream : 8.5 ounces
1 cup half & half : 8.5 ounces
1 cup heavy cream : 8.1 ounces
EUROPEAN
(Translate "~" to mean roughly)
* 1 ounce of anything = 28.3 grams
1 cup all purpose flour : 142 grams (~150)
1 cup bread flour : 156 grams (~160)
1 cup cake flour : 128 grams (~130)
1 cup whole wheat flour : 142 grams (~150)
1 cup corn meal : 128 grams (~130)
1 cup cocoa : 94 grams (~100)
1 cup white granulated sugar : 198 grams (~200)
1 cup powdered sugar : 114 grams (~110)
1 cup light brown sugar : 213 grams (~215)
1 cup dark brown sugar : 241 grams (~240)
1 cup molasses : 319 grams (~320)
1 cup corn syrup : 326 grams (~325)
1 cup butter : 227 grams(~230)
1 cup shortening : 191 grams (~190)
1 cup vegetable oil : 191 grams (~190)
1 large egg : 50 grams
1 large egg white : 28 grams (~30)
1 large egg yolk : 18 grams (~20)
1 cup of powdered milk : 71 grams (~70)
1 cup water : 235 grams
1 cup milk : 240 grams
1 cup buttermilk : 240 grams
1 cup sour cream : 240 grams
1 cup half & half : 240 grams
1 cup heavy cream : 230 grams
